Artwork by Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté,  Magdalena (Méditation), 1921

Marc-Aurèle D.F. Suzor-Coté
Magdalena (Méditation), 1921

oil on canvas
signed and dated 1921 lower right
41.5 x 41.5 ins ( 105.4 x 105.4 cms )

Auction Estimate: $275,000.00$225,000.00 - $275,000.00

Price Realized $384,000.00
Sale date: June 8th 2023

Provenance:
Estate of the Artist, 1937
Musée de la province de Québec, donated by Mathilde Savard Suzor-Coté, 16 July 1945 as “Méditation”, 1921
Alexandre Clément, Montreal
Robert Clément, Quebec
Private Collection, Montréal
Exhibited:
“Thirty-Eighth Spring Exhibition”, Art Association of Montreal, 1-23 April 1921, no. 262 as “Magdalena” for $2000
“Fourty-Third Annual Exhibition”, Royal Canadian Academy, 17 November 1921-2 January 1922, no. 153 as “Nude”
“Fourty-Sixth Annual Exhibition”, Royal Canadian Academy, 20 November-20 December 1924, no. 191 as “Magdalena”
Literature:
‘Le Salon du printemps’, “Le Devoir”, 1 April 1921
‘Exposition de peintures de nos artistes’, “La Presse”, 1 April 1921
‘Intéressant vernissage à l’Art Gallery’, “La Patrie”, 1 April 1921
‘Fewer Paintings Higher Standards’, “The Star”, 1 April 1921
‘Spring Exhibition at the Art Gallery’, “The Herald”, 4 April 1921
Samuel Morgan-Powell, ‘Portraits are Feature of the Art Exhibition’, “The Star”, 5 April 1921
‘R.C.A. Show at the Grange’, unidentified newspaper, Toronto, November 1921
‘Pictures! Pictures! Who’ll Come An’ Buy?’, “The Toronto Daily Star”, 16 November 1921
Zoile, ‘Salon’, “Le Devoir”, 24 November 1924
Laurier Lacroix, “Suzor-Coté Light and Matter”, Québec/Ottawa, 2002, page 288
Sylvie Saint-Georges, “La réception critique des nus de Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté”, M.A. thesis, UQAM, 2005, pages 112-115, 205

Given the start of his academic training in Paris as early as 1891, Marc- Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté had a long practice of studying the female model. The vast majority of this output of drawings was destroyed as a result of family censorship, which, in a Catholic environment, did not distinguish between the study of art, eroticism and pornography.

Suzor-Coté exhibited his first nude, a large painting entitled “Douleur”, in 1915 at the Spring Exhibition of the Art Association of Montreal (the future Montreal Museum of Fine Arts). The figure is depicted in a distressed position. Squatting next to a bed, her long, loose hair partially covers her face, which hides behind her hands (Private Collection, reproduced by Lacroix, 2002, page 284). The female nude was a subject very rarely exhibited by Canadian painters at the time, as demonstrated in the show, “The Nude in Modern Canadian Art 1920- 1950” (Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, 2009).

In 1921, the artist presented “Magdalena” for sale with an asking price of $2,000, an unprecedented amount for one of Suzor-Coté’s canvas paintings. The artwork was well-received by Montreal critics. Morgan-Powell, a steadfast advocate of the artist, wrote: “So are those [the flesh-tints] in Mr. Suzor-Cote’s ‘Magdalena’, a big canvas of a kneeling [sic] nude, handled with masterly craftsmanship as to modelling, and strongly suggestive as to mood. It is another proof of the versatility and imaginative resourcefulness of this progressive artist.” Columnists from other newspapers also showed interest in the work. The unique pose accentuates the plasticity of the body in profile. The curled-up figure challenges the stereotypical elegance of the feminine form. The legs are bent, the arms crossed over the knees, the head buried in the arms, part of the body is concealed under the long hair. The curvature of the back, the breasts, and thighs are all emphasized in this position which, as suggested by the title, conveys remorse.

Magdalena refers to Mary Magdalene, the penitent one, who, after a life of debauchery, begins to feel remorse and humiliation, thus abandoning her material possessions. After Douleur, which expressed the feeling of psychological suffering, Suzor-Coté sought to express the feeling of regret, if not despair. This insistence on the theme of the afflicted and tormented woman found another noteworthy manifestation in “Symphonie pathétique” (1925, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec), in which the model who posed for “Magdalena” is seen this time from behind. The repeated interpretation of this idea refers to female sinners as subjects, such as Eve and Mary Magdalene. They present the notion of the woman, the source of sin, at a later stage in her journey, when she acknowledges her error and expresses regret for it. Forgiveness and tolerance also come to us through the woman.

The modeling of the subject is enhanced by the lighting, which in turn emphasizes the anatomy of the figure. This realism, however, contrasts with the subject’s surroundings. The artist approaches the space by means of a different pictorial technique, a mosaic effect of distinct and different coloured brushstrokes. The model sits on a lightly coloured ground while the background is dark; the contrasting spaces emphasize the delicate colour of the skin. Suzor-Coté explored this mosaic technique during this period of his career as a way of asserting the two-dimensionality of the painted medium. The subject appears to be positioned in an abstract space, as suggested by the combination of deliberately applied colour.

“Magdalena” was exhibited again in 1921, this time in Toronto and under the more generic title of “Nude”. Lacking any description that could provide a context for interpretation, the work was poorly received. With the white ground understood to be snow, the subject lent itself to an alternate interpretation. “Nude is the title of the picture in which M. A. Suzor-Cote represents a young woman seated on the snow, her head bowed upon her arms which rest upon her knees, her long hair falling forwards over her face to her knees. Any other title would have been better than the baldly obvious one. It may occur to the observant that if the young lady could move down into the ruddy “Winter Afternoon Sun” by Clarence A. Gagnon, hanging just below, she would seem in a warmer atmosphere, and it would be less harrowing for the onlooker.”

In an effort to be allusive, both in the title and in the treatment of the ground, Suzor-Coté misled the viewers who did not appreciate the formal qualities of the model. It is well-known that the painting did not find a buyer, as Suzor-Coté presented it again in 1924 at the RCA’s annual exhibition at the National Gallery. Its significance was recognized, as it featured prominently “in the central panel of the entrance hall.” “Magdalena” was in his studio at the time of the artist’s death, and for a while, his widow kept it at the Museum of the Province of Quebec where she gave it the more conservative title of “Méditation”.

“Magdalena”, 1921 forms the central element of a trio of major works with “Douleur” (1915) and “Symphonie pathétique” (1925). Suzor-Coté broadened and reinforced the range of appropriate subjects for public view in Canadian art, by including his masterful and original interpretation of the nude.

We extend our thanks to Laurier Lacroix, C.M., art historian, for researching this artwork and for contributing the preceding essay.


Étant donné sa formation académique à Paris à partir de 1891, Suzor-Coté a une longue pratique de l’étude du modèle féminin. La grande majorité de cette production dessinée a été détruite en raison de la censure familiale qui, dans un milieu catholique, ne pouvait distinguer entre l’étude de l’art, l’érotisme et la pornographie.

Suzor-Coté montre en 1915 à l’Exposition du printemps de l’Art Association of Montreal (futur Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal) un premier nu, un grand tableau intitulé Douleur. La figure est mise en scène dans un position tourmentée. Accroupie auprès d’un lit, sa longue chevelure défaite couvre en partie son visage qui se cache derrière ses mains (coll. part., repr. Lacroix, 2002, p. 284). Le nu féminin est un sujet très peu souvent présenté par les peintres canadiens à cette époque comme l’a montré l’exposition “The Nude in Modern Canadian Art 1920-1950” (Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, 2009).

En 1921, il présente “Magdelena” mis en vente au prix de 2 000$, montant encore jamais demandé pour un de ses tableaux de chevalet. L’œuvre fut reçue par la critique montréalaise avec intérêt. Morgan-Powell qui défend toujours l’artiste écrit : « So are those [the flesh-tints] in Mr. Suzor-Cote’s ‘Magdelena’, a big canvas of a kneeling (sic) nude, handled with masterly craftsmanship as to modelling, and strongly suggestive as to mood. It is another proof of the versatility and imaginative resourcefulness of this progressive artist. » (« Portraits are Feature of the Art Exhibition », “The Star”, 5 avril 1921). Les chroniqueurs des autres journaux signalent également l’intérêt de l’œuvre.

La pose est pour le moins singulière insistant sur la plasticité du corps vu de profil. La figure recroquevillée met au défi l’élégance des formes féminines. Les jambes repliées, les bras croisés sur les genoux, la tête enfouie dans les bras, une partie du corps disparaissant sous la longue chevelure tombante. La courbure du dos, les seins et les cuisses sont mis en valeur dans cette position qui, selon le titre, exprime le remords.

“Magdelena” réfère à Marie Madeleine, la pénitente, qui après une vie de débauche adopte la contrition et la mortification, se détachant de tous ses biens matériels. Après Douleur qui exprimait une sensation de souffrance psychologique, Suzor-Coté cherche à traduire un sentiment de regret, sinon de désespoir. Cette insistance sur le thème de la femme affligée et tourmentée trouvera une autre admirable manifestation dans “Symphonie pathétique” (1925, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec) où le modèle qui pose pour “Magdelena” est vue cette fois de dos. La traduction répétée de cette idée réfère à des sujets de pécheresses, comme Ève et Marie Madeleine, par exemple. Ils offrent une conception de la femme, source du péché, à une étape ultérieure de son cheminement alors qu’elle prend conscience de sa faute et la regrette. Par la femme vient également le pardon et l’indulgence.

Le modelé est mis en valeur par la lumière qui souligne l’anatomie de la figure. Ce réalisme contraste cependant avec l’environnement du sujet. L’artiste traite l’espace au moyen d’une technique picturale différente, un effet de mosaïque où les coups de pinceau de couleurs différentes se détachent les uns des autres. Le modèle repose sur un sol clair alors que le fond est sombre. Les deux parties faisant ressortir la couleur de la peau. Suzor-Coté exploite cette technique “mosaïquée” à ce moment de sa carrière, manière d’affirmer la bi-dimensionnalité de l’œuvre peinte. Le sujet se situant dans un espace abstrait pour ainsi dire, suggéré par la matière picturale rendue évidente par cet assemblage de couleur dont l’application est bien évidente.

“Magdalena” fut présenté de nouveau en 1921, cette fois à Toronto sous le titre générique de “Nude”. Privé de la mention qui pouvait fournir un sens à sa lecture, l’œuvre fut mal reçue. Le blanc du sol devenant de la neige, le sujet prêtait à une autre interprétation. « « Nude » is the title of the picture in which M. A. Suzor-Cote represents a young woman seated on the snow, her head bowed upon her arms which rest upon her knees, her long hair falling forwards over her face to her knees. Any other title would have been better than the baldly obvious one. It may occur to the observant that if the young lady could move down into the ruddy « Winter Afternoon Sun » by Clarence A. Gagnon, hanging just below, she would seem in a warmer atmosphere, and it would be less harrowing for the onlooker. » (« R.C.A. Show at the Grange », where published, title of periodical, date November 1921).

À vouloir être trop allusif, tant dans le titre que dans le traitement du sol, Suzor-Coté égarait les spectateurs qui n’appréciaient pas les qualités plastiques du modèle. La toile n’a pas trouvé preneur car Suzor-Coté la présente de nouveau en 1924 à l’exposition annuelle de la RCA à la Galerie nationale. Son importance est reconnue, car elle figure en évidence « sur le panneau du milieu de la salle d’entrée. » (“Le Devoir”, 24 novembre 1924). “Magdelena” se trouvait dans l’atelier à son décès et sa veuve la déposa pendant quelques temps au Musée de la province de Québec où elle prit cette fois le titre plus prudent de “Méditation”.

“Magdalena” (1921) constitue l’élément central d’un trio d’œuvres majeures avec “Douleur” (1915) et “Symphonie pathétique” (1925). Suzor-Coté élargit et affirme le spectre des sujets présentés publiquement sur la scène canadienne pour y inclure le nu traité avec maîtrise et originalité.

Share this item with your friends

Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté
(1869 - 1937) RCA

Suzor-Coté was born in 1869 in the village of Arthabaska, Quebec. Although the young Marc-Aurèle de Foy Suzor-Coté excelled in both musical and artistic pursuits, his love of painting won precedence and he travelled to Paris in 1891 for three years of art studies at the École de beaux-arts. He returned to North America briefly, pursuing commission work, before returning to Europe for an extended period between 1897 and 1907.

By 1906 he had left behind the academic realism of his early work, developing instead a bold impressionistic style. Once back in Canada he found his greatest inspiration in the Canadian landscape itself. He painted landscape in a forceful impressionistic style which was unfamiliar to Canadian audiences of the time.

The multi-talented Suzor-Coté was also easily able to make the shift from painting to working in three dimensions. His bronzes were cast in New York at the Roman Bronze Works, and became sought after by collectors in Canada and the United States. Suzor-Coté won the Jessie Dow prize for best painting at the Art Association of Montreal in 1914 and again in 1925. By 1925, he had made a significant contribution to impressionism in Canada, influencing younger artists to paint the Canadian landscape in a new manner.