A Bridge in London (ca. 1913-15) by James Wilson Morrice

Provenance:
Private Collection, United Kingdom
Dominion Gallery, Montreal
Private Collection, Montreal
Kastel Gallery, Montreal
Canadian Fine Arts, Toronto
Private Collection, Ontario

Exhibited:
“Canadian Masters: Exhibit & Sale”, Canadian Fine Arts, Toronto, October 25 – November 12, 2001 & November 16 – December 4, 2002

A busy bridge seen from above, vehicles crossing it in both directions; a trail of white smoke reveals a second bridge; on the far bank, high chimneys are silhouetted against an early evening sky: a composition rendered in earthy colors, underlined by a long ribbon of white smoke and a dark red railing, and contrasted by the beautiful turquoise of the bridge and the suspended panel at bottom right.

Opened in 1869 to pedestrians and coaches, then cars, Blackfriars Bridge was enlarged in 1907-10 to accommodate tramways; its railway twin, with its trellis sides, was slightly older; the smoke is that of a suburban train rushing out from St. Paul’s Underground Station (today “Blackfriars”), located slightly to our left but not visible in the painting; the cathedral itself is further back. This was a popular traffic hub: across the Victoria Embankment Road, stairs went down to an old subway station, and to the Blackfriars Pier. The main bridge is still standing, currently painted red and white; the railway bridge has been replaced but its piers, also red, still rise from the Thames; the pier, now displaced towards the west, is once again used for commuter water buses. Across the river, the high smoking chimney belongs to the Bankside Power Station, replaced since by a bigger one, now site of the Tate Modern art gallery.

This very busy urban scene is extremely rare for Morrice, who preferred quiet views in serene horizontal compositions. The view is from a window of the huge De Keyser’s Royal Hotel (since replaced by the Unilever House), where the visiting artist was probably staying; was he thinking of similar views from upper-level windows made popular by Monet and Pissarro? He is known for his small sketches on wooden panels, sometimes paired with a drawing in a small sketchbook. But here we have quite a different pairing: the rather large sketch is based on a large drawing, only marginally smaller than the painting. But also easier to read, since all the anecdotal details – the smoke (white and black), the tram, even the figures and the horse – are absent, except for a tramway on the bridge. No train is running on the railway bridge, with its characteristic trellis railing surmounted by a low festooned border. The Thames is also more visible: in the painting, Morrice moved his viewpoint to the left, putting more emphasis on the bridge itself: the tramway, which fills the emptiness of the road curve, was perhaps added later.

For a long time, all London works by Morrice were invariably dated 1914: when France declared war on Germany, he almost immediately crossed the Channel, and stayed three months in the British capital. But in fact he often visited London, whether on his way to or from Liverpool, or as a side-trip from Southampton, sometimes only to see friends, or a special exhibition. So this painting does not necessarily date from the Fall of 1914, although it was painted after the 1910 enlargement of the bridge; its light pink priming links it to the North African and Cuban pochades of 1912-1915.

So far, no drawings or sketch had ever been related to any of the artist’s quick trips to England, while drawings, sketches and two canvases document the longer 1914 stay. A sketchbook drawing and a canvas depict the Houses of Parliament, but all others show Trafalgar Square as seen, like here, from above: perhaps because Morrice was taken for a spy while sketching near Westminster, he focused on what he saw from his room at the Morley’s Hotel. There is no clue, in his 1914 sketchbook (Montreal MFA, #10) that he ventured as far as Blackfriars during this long stay.

On the other hand, in early summer 1913 he visited the English painter Augustus John in Chelsea (letter to his wife Dorelia). Perhaps the same year, on June 2nd, Morrice had written to another London friend, the American Joseph Pennell: “Do you know of any hotel near or on the Embankment with a view of the river from the windows. I am thinking of doing some sketching.” (Washington, Library of Congress). He was thinking of the Arundel, also on the Victoria Embankment, but the Keyser was slightly closer to the river. But if sketching was the intention, why was the panel purchased at Roberson in Covent Garden, as was probably also the paper used for the drawing, unique in Morrice’s oeuvre with its canvas-like texture? Was the decision to record the view a spontaneous one?

In Paris, Morrice lived on the bank of the Seine, across from the Île de la Cité; that smaller branch of the river was only plied by slow barges, and the traffic below his window was limited. But from his hotel room at Blackfriars he discovered a busy and more industrial waterway, probably noisier too. His usual small format would not do, so he rushed to Covent Garden, and probably completed both works on the spot. And that was it for that trip. Perhaps the weather did not cooperate either...

We extend our thanks to Lucie Dorais, Canadian art historian and author of “J.W. Morrice” (National Gallery of Canada, 1985), for contributing this essay.